"El, Baalat, and Adonis were
particularly worshipped at Byblos. El was of Semitic origin and,
although equated with Eliun in the Bible, was a separate deity. He was
important but not especially active in the daily life of the Phoenicians
which led the Greeks to equate him with their Cronus. Baalat was a
female deity associated with the earth and fertility. She is often
referred to as Baalat Gebal or ‘Lady Baalat of Byblos’ and frequently
mentioned in inscriptions where she is appealed to by kings so that
their reign may be a successful one. Altars and monuments constructed
from precious metals were dedicated to her. Her equivalents in other
Near Eastern cultures were Ishtar, Innin, and Isis. Adonis is familiar from Greek mythology,
and he represented for the Phoenicians the annual cycle of nature.
Again he shares some characteristics with deities from neighbouring
cultures, notably Osiris in Egypt and Tammuz of Babylon and Assyria."
Sidon
The most important god at Sidon was Baal, probably equivalent in
function to El of Byblos, he was head of the pantheon but detached from
everyday worship. The city did, though, have at least one temple
dedicated to him. Much more prominent was Astarte (in Semitic
inscriptions Ashtart and in the Bible Ashtoret) who had many temples
dedicated to her and was the equivalent of Baalat at Byblos. The kings
of Sidon were referred to as the priests of Astarte, and she frequently
appears in surviving Phoenician inscriptions. In art she is often
depicted with a crescent on her head, a reference to her close
association with the moon. A third important god at Sidon was Eshmun,
who does not appear before the 7th century BCE and was the equivalent of
Adonis. Temples were built in his name and he was associated with
healing, hence the Greeks identified him as their Asclepius.
7
year boy in Russia with memories of lost life on Mars
It was then that Boriska told us about
his previous life on Mars, about the fact that the planet was in
fact inhabited, but as a result of the most powerful and
destructive catastrophe had lost its atmosphere and that
nowadays all its inhabitants have to live in underground cities.
Back then, he used to fly to earth quite often for trade and
other research purposes. It seems that Boriska piloted his
spaceship himself. This was during the times of the Lemurian
civilizations. He had a Lemurian friend who had been killed
right before his own eyes.
- A major catastrophe took place on
earth. A gigantic continent was consumed by stormy waters. Then
suddenly, a massive rock fell on a construction.by friend was
there., tells Boriska. I could not safe him. We are destined to
meet some time in this life.
They called
the dreadlocked woman, Mona Lisa [see links below] she is said to have
had blue skin [Avatar?] and 6 fingers. Leonardo Da Vinci immortalised
Mona Lisa, the first word is an anagram for Amon [Egyptian God of the
Sun] and the second is L’ isa, the goddess of the moon. So the name
cryptically expresses the unification of the Luminaries, which was
always connotative of harmony and beauty. The figure in the painting is
meant to symbolize the mystical Androgyny that comes about after one has
conquered duality. Leonardo Da Vinci, like many around the Florentine
and Venetian oligarchies, was a high initiate into the Stellar ethos,
preserved by the Masonic Brotherhoods of the world.
LUNA is the name of the moon, really means 'alone.' The moon was called the ‘Lone One.’ Another
common name of the moon was Min [minute] or Mon [money]. Later when
the Solar Cult took over persons of this previous cult became rebuked as
‘monsters’ or ‘lunatics.’
Terra incognita or terra ignota (Latin "unknown land"; incognita is stressed on its second syllable in Latin, but with variation in pronunciation in English) is a term used in cartography for regions that have not been mapped or documented. The expression is believed to be first seen in Ptolemy's Geography c. 150. The term was reintroduced in the 15th century from the rediscovery of Ptolemy's work during the Age of Discovery. The equivalent on Frenchmaps would be terres inconnues (plural form), and some English maps may show Parts Unknown.
Similarly, uncharted or unknown seas would be labeled mare incognitum, Latin for "unknown sea".
The simple explanation for the Red Planet's color is that its regolith,
or surface material, contains lots of iron oxide — the same compound
that gives blood and rust their hue. But why does Mars have so much iron, why is that iron "oxidized," and why does iron oxide look red?
Plain-old iron looks shiny black. The element only takes on a reddish
tinge when it has been exposed to oxygen, and enough oxygen at that for
it to become iron(III) oxide, an atomic fivesome composed of two iron
atoms and three oxygen atoms. So why did so much of the iron on Mars'
surface oxidize, or gang up with oxygen?
In fact, the jury's still
out on that one. For sure, some sort of weathering gradually rusted the
iron on Mars. But did the ancient rainstorms that are thought to have
occurred on a young, wet Mars rust the iron by pounding the regolith
with oxygen atoms freed from water molecules?
Or, did the oxidation happen gradually over billions of years, as
sunlight broke down carbon dioxide and other molecules in the
atmosphere, producing oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and ozone? Or,
as a group of Danish scientists suggested in 2009, have Martian dust
storms slowly rusted the iron, by crumbling the quartz crystals that
also exist in the regolith and leaving their oxygen-rich surfaces
exposed?
Because no one yet knows the right explanation, the color of Mars is, in a sense, still a mystery.
The Mast
Camera (Mastcam) on NASA's Mars rover Curiosity showed researchers
interesting color and patterns in this unnamed rock imaged during the
27th Martian day, or sol, of the rover's work on Mars (Sept. 2, 2012).
The rock is about 2.4 inches (6 centimeters) across. This view is
calibrated to estimated "natural" color, or approximately what the
colors would look like if we were to view the scene ourselves on Mars.
The rock shows a blue-black color overall, with lighter, whitish tones
in patterns that may indicate the presence of distinct crystals of
different material in the rock.
NASA’s Curiosity Rover Captures Image Of Strange Rock
Formation On Mars. The Team Compared The Rock Circle With Another
Formation Which Was Discovered In 2015, Which Looked To Have
Similarities To Stonehenge.
In the Islamic sense, the term jinn is used in two different ways:
As invisible entities, who roamed the earth before Adam, created by God out of a "mixture of fire" or "smokeless fire" (marijin min nar).
They are believed to resemble humans in that they eat and drink, have
children and die, are subject to judgment, so will either be sent to
heaven or hell according to their deeds. But they were much faster and stronger than humans. This jinn are distinct from an angelic tribe called Al-jinn, named after Jannah (the Gardens),
heavenly creatures created out of the fires of samum in contrast to the
genus of jinn created out of mixture of fire, who waged war against the
genus of jinn and regarded as able to sin, unlike their light created
counterpart.
As the opposite of al-Ins (something in shape) referring to any object that cannot be detected by human sensory organs, including angels, demons and the interior of human beings. Thus every demon and every angel is also a jinn, but not every jinn is an angel or a demon. Al-Jahiz categorizes the jinn in his work Kitab al-Hayawan
as follows: If he is pure, clean, untouched by any defilement, being
entirely good, he is an angel, if he is faithless, dishonest, hostile,
wicked, he is demon, if he succeeds in supporting an edifice, lifting a
heavy weight and listening at the doors of Heaven he is a marid and if he more than this, he is an ifrit.
Belief in jinn is not included among the six articles of Islamic faith, as belief in angels is, however at least some Muslims believe it essential to the Islamic faith.
Jinn are mentioned approximately 29 times in the Quran often together with humans, and the 72 surah (chapter) named after them (Al-Jinn). They are also mentioned in collections of Ṣaḥīḥ (authentic) hadith.
One hadith divides them into three groups, with one type flying through
the air; another that are snakes and dogs; and a third that moves from
place to place like human.
In Islamic tradition, Muhammad was sent as a prophet to both human and jinn communities, and that prophets and messengers were sent to both communities. Traditionally Surah 72
is held to tell about the revelation to jinn and several stories
mention one of Muhammad's followers accompanied him, witnessing the
revelation to the jinn.
Another Islamic prophet, who is related to interactions with jinn, is Solomon. In the Quran, he is said to be a king in ancient Israel and was gifted by God to talk to animals and jinn. God granted him authority over the rebellious jinn or marid, thus Solomon forced them to build the First Temple. Beliefs regarding Solomon and his power over the jinn were later extended in folklore and folktales.
Related to common traditions, the angels were created on
Wednesday, the jinn on Thursday and humans on Friday, but not the very
next day, rather more than 1000 years later.
The community of the jinn race were like those of humans, but then
corruption and injustice among them increased and all warnings sent by
God were ignored. Consequently, God sent his angels to battle the
infidel jinn. Just a few survived, and were ousted to far islands or to
the mountains. With the revelation of Islam, the jinn were given a new chance to access salvation.
But because of their prior creation, the jinn would attribute
themselves to a superiority over humans and envy them for their place
and rank on earth.
The Ancient Anunnaki are said to have created the human race
by genetically modifying early humans in order to use them as a labor
force. But before humans were created, the Igigi were used by the
ancient Anunnaki as their main labor force.
It is said that the Igigi –they who turn and see—were the Ancient
Astronaut Gods of the younger generation, the servants to the mighty
Anunnaki who came to Earth to mine gold.
The terminology used to describe the gods is extremely complicated
and still needs many studies. Researchers believe the term Igigi is of
Semitic origin and indicates the group of gods in the Mesopotamian
pantheon. It is still unclear which ancient gods belonged to the Igigi,
but many scholars suggest Marduk –the patron god of the city of Babylon—was one of the Igigi.
Mainstream scholars use the term Igigi to reference the mythological
Sumerian deities. According to mainstream scholars, the Igigi were the
younger servants of the Anunnaki, who initiated a rebellion against
their masters and dictatorship of Enlil. Eventually, the Anunnaki
replaced the Igigi with humans.
In the myth of Atrahasis –the Babylonian story of the Flood and a precursor to the flood story in the Gilgameš Ep–
the Sumerian paradise is described as a garden where lower gods (the
Igigi) were put to work digging a watercourse by their masters, the
Anunnaki:
“When the gods like men bore the work and suffered the
toil, the toil of the gods was great, the work was heavy; the distress
was much.” (Source)
“The Seven great Anunnaki were making the Igigi suffer the work.” (lines 5-6) (Source)
“When the gods, man-like, Bore the labor, carried the load, The gods’
load was great, The toil grievous, the trouble excessive. The great
Anunnaku, the Seven, Were making the Igigi undertake the toil.”
Ancient Astronaut hypothesis suggests that the Igigi were similar to
the Anunnaki, remaining in constant orbit around our planet. They were
basically considered as intermediaries between our planet and Nibiru
–home of the Anunnaki.
Many believe that the Igigi remained in constant orbit around our
planet in giant platforms which processed ore delivered from Earth.
After processing the minerals, the material was transferred to other
ships and eventually transported to the home planet of the Anunnaki.
The Igigi were apparently never encountered by mankind. It is said
that several texts make reference to them, suggesting the Igigi were
“too high up for Mankind,” and consequently “ were not concerned with
people.”
After years of tenuous and hard work for the Anunnaki, the Igigi
rebelled against their masters. It is said that they ‘set fire to their
tools and surrounded Enlil’s great house by night’ forcing the ancient
Anunnaki to find another source of labor.
This is why the ancient Anunnaki replaced the Igigi, after genetically engineering ancient humans creating a greater workforce.
"The New Revised Standard Version is the version most commonly preferred by biblicalscholars. In the United States, 55% of survey respondents who read the Bible reported using the King James Version in 2014, followed by 19% for the New International Version, with other versions used by fewer than 10%."
1 In the beginning when God created[a] the heavens and the earth, 2 the earth was a formless void and darkness covered the face of the deep, while a wind from God[b] swept over the face of the waters. 3 Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light. 4 And God saw that the light was good; and God separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, the first day.
6 And God said, “Let there be a dome in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.” 7 So God made the dome and separated the waters that were under the dome from the waters that were above the dome. And it was so. 8 God called the dome Sky. And there was evening and there was morning, the second day.
9 And God said, “Let the waters under the sky be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear.” And it was so. 10 God called the dry land Earth, and the waters that were gathered together he called Seas. And God saw that it was good. 11 Then
God said, “Let the earth put forth vegetation: plants yielding seed,
and fruit trees of every kind on earth that bear fruit with the seed in
it.” And it was so. 12 The
earth brought forth vegetation: plants yielding seed of every kind, and
trees of every kind bearing fruit with the seed in it. And God saw that
it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, the third day.
14 And
God said, “Let there be lights in the dome of the sky to separate the
day from the night; and let them be for signs and for seasons and for
days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the dome of the sky to give light upon the earth.” And it was so. 16 God made the two great lights—the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night—and the stars. 17 God set them in the dome of the sky to give light upon the earth, 18 to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening and there was morning, the fourth day.
20 And
God said, “Let the waters bring forth swarms of living creatures, and
let birds fly above the earth across the dome of the sky.” 21 So
God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that
moves, of every kind, with which the waters swarm, and every winged bird
of every kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.” 23 And there was evening and there was morning, the fifth day.
24 And
God said, “Let the earth bring forth living creatures of every kind:
cattle and creeping things and wild animals of the earth of every kind.”
And it was so. 25 God
made the wild animals of the earth of every kind, and the cattle of
every kind, and everything that creeps upon the ground of every kind.
And God saw that it was good.
26 Then God said, “Let us make humankind[c]
in our image, according to our likeness; and let them have dominion
over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over the
cattle, and over all the wild animals of the earth,[d] and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.”
27 So God created humankind[e] in his image, in the image of God he created them;[f] male and female he created them.
28 God
blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill
the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and
over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon
the earth.” 29 God
said, “See, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is upon the
face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit; you shall
have them for food. 30 And
to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the air, and to
everything that creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath of
life, I have given every green plant for food.” And it was so. 31 God saw everything that he had made, and indeed, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.
Genesis 2 New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
2 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all their multitude. 2 And
on the seventh day God finished the work that he had done, and he
rested on the seventh day from all the work that he had done. 3 So God blessed the seventh day and hallowed it, because on it God rested from all the work that he had done in creation.
4 These are the generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created.
In the day that the Lord[a] God made the earth and the heavens, 5 when no plant of the field was yet in the earth and no herb of the field had yet sprung up—for the Lord God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was no one to till the ground; 6 but a stream would rise from the earth, and water the whole face of the ground— 7 then the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground,[b] and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living being. 8 And the Lord God planted a garden in Eden, in the east; and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9 Out of the ground the Lord
God made to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for
food, the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of
the knowledge of good and evil.
10 A river flows out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it divides and becomes four branches. 11 The name of the first is Pishon; it is the one that flows around the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; 12 and the gold of that land is good; bdellium and onyx stone are there. 13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it is the one that flows around the whole land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is Tigris, which flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
15 The Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to till it and keep it. 16 And the Lord God commanded the man, “You may freely eat of every tree of the garden; 17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall die.”
18 Then the Lord God said, “It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper as his partner.” 19 So out of the ground the Lord
God formed every animal of the field and every bird of the air, and
brought them to the man to see what he would call them; and whatever the
man called every living creature, that was its name. 20 The man gave names to all cattle, and to the birds of the air, and to every animal of the field; but for the man[c] there was not found a helper as his partner. 21 So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; then he took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. 22 And the rib that the Lord God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man. 23 Then the man said,
“This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; this one shall be called Woman,[d] for out of Man[e] this one was taken.”
24 Therefore a man leaves his father and his mother and clings to his wife, and they become one flesh. 25 And the man and his wife were both naked, and were not ashamed.
"In the myth of Atrahasis –the Babylonian story of the Flood and a precursor to the flood story in the Gilgameš Ep–
the Sumerian paradise is described as a garden where lower gods (the
Igigi) were put to work digging a watercourse by their masters, the
Anunnaki"
"10 A river flows out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it
divides and becomes four branches. 11 The name of the first is Pishon;
it is the one that flows around the whole land of Havilah, where there
is gold; 12 and the gold of that land is good; bdellium and onyx stone
are there. 13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it is the one that
flows around the whole land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is
Tigris, which flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the
Euphrates.
15 The Lord God took the man and put him in the garden
of Eden to till it and keep it. 16 And the Lord God commanded the man,
“You may freely eat of every tree of the garden; 17 but of the tree of
the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that
you eat of it you shall die.”"
Early translators of Akkadian believed that the ideogram for the god called in SumerianEnlil was to be read as Bel in Akkadian. Current scholarship holds this as incorrect, but one finds Bel used in referring to Enlil in older translations and discussions.
Bel became especially used for the Babylonian god Marduk and when found in Assyrian and neo-Babylonian
personal names or mentioned in inscriptions in a Mesopotamian context
it can usually be taken as referring to Marduk and no other god.
Similarly Bêlit without some disambiguation mostly refers to Bel Marduk's spouse Sarpanit. However, Marduk's mother, the Sumerian goddess called Ninhursag, Damkina, Ninmah and other names in Sumerian, was often known as Belit-ili 'Lady of the Gods' in Akkadian.
Other gods called "Lord" could be and sometimes were identified totally or in part with Bel Marduk. The god Malak-bel of Palmyra is an example, though in the later period from which most of our information comes he seems to have become very much a sun god.
Marduk or Murdoch (Cuneiform: ??? dAMAR.UTU; Sumerian: amar utu.k "calf of the sun; solar calf"; Greek Μαρδοχαῖος,[2]Mardochaios; Hebrew: מְרֹדַךְ, Modern:Mərōdaḵ, Tiberian:Merōḏaḵ) was a late-generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon. When Babylon became the political center of the Euphrates valley in the time of Hammurabi
(18th century BC), he slowly started to rise to the position of the
head of the Babylonian pantheon, a position he fully acquired by the
second half of the second millennium BC. In the city of Babylon, Marduk
was worshiped in the temple Esagila. Marduk is associated with the
divine weapon Imhullu. "Marduk" is the Babylonian form of his name.[3]
The name Marduk was probably pronounced Marutuk.[4] The etymology of the name Marduk is conjectured as derived from amar-Utu ("immortal son of Utu" or "bull calf of the sun god Utu").[3] The origin of Marduk's name may reflect an earlier genealogy, or have had cultural ties to the ancient city of Sippar (whose god was Utu), dating to the third millennium BC.[5]
By the Hammurabi period, Marduk had become astrologically associated with the planet Jupiter.
"The Ancient Anunnaki are said to have created the human race by genetically modifying early humans" (themselves, Annunaki are Humans, Angel = Human messanger of the seraph)
"A river flows out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it divides
and becomes four branches. 11 The name of the first is Pishon; it is
the one that flows around the whole land of Havilah, where there is
gold; 12 and the gold of that land is good; bdellium and onyx stone are
there. 13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it is the one that
flows around the whole land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is
Tigris, which flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the
Euphrates."
In addition to the region described in chapter 2 of Genesis, two individuals named Havilah are listed in the Table of Nations. The Table lists the descendants of Noah, who are considered eponymous ancestors of nations. Besides the name mentioned in Genesis 10:7-29, another is mentioned in the Books of Chronicles(1 Chronicles 1:9-23). One person is the son of Cush, the son of Ham. The other person is a son of Joktan and descendant of Shem
The word angel arrives in modern English from Old Englishengel (with a hard g) and the Old Frenchangele. Both of these derive from Late Latinangelus (literally "messenger"), which in turn was borrowed from Late Greek ἄγγελος angelos. Additionally, per Dutch linguist R. S. P. Beekes, ángelos itself may be "an Oriental loan, like ἄγγαρος (ángaros, 'Persian mounted courier')." Perhaps then, the word's earliest form is Mycenaeana-ke-ro, attested in Linear B syllabic script.
The rendering of "ángelos" is the Septuagint's default translation of the Biblical Hebrew term malʼākh, denoting simply "messenger" without connoting its nature. In the associations to follow in the Latin Vulgate, this meaning becomes bifurcated: when malʼākh or ángelos is supposed to denote a human messenger, words like nuntius or legatus are applied. If the word refers to some supernatural being, the word angelus appears. Such differentiation has been taken over by later vernacular translations of the Bible, early Christian and Jewish exegetes and eventually modern scholars.
The name Moloch results from a dysphemic vocalisation in the Second Temple period of a theonym based on the root mlk,
"king". There are a number of Canaanite gods with names based on this
root, which became summarily associated with Moloch, including biblical
Malkam (מַלְכָּם) "Great King" (KJVMilcom), which appears to refer to a god of the Ammonites, as well as Tyrian Melqart and others.
Rabbinical
tradition depicted Moloch as a bronze statue heated with fire into
which the victims were thrown. This has been associated with reports by
Greco-Roman authors on the child sacrifices in Carthage to Baal Hammon,
especially since archaeological excavations since the 1920s have
produced evidence for child sacrifice in Carthage as well as
inscriptions including the term MLK, either a theonym or a technical term associated with sacrifice.
In interpretatio graeca, the Phoenician god was identified with Cronus, due to the parallel mytheme of Cronus devouring his children.
Otto Eissfeldt in 1935 argued that mlk was not to be taken as a theonym at all but as a term for a type of fire sacrifice, and that *lĕmōlek "as a molk-sacrifice" had been reinterpreted as the name of a Canaanite idol following the Deuteronomic reform under Josiah (r. 640–609 BC). According to Eissfeldt, this 7th-century reform abolished the child sacrifice that had been happening.
Comments
Sidon
The most important god at Sidon was Baal, probably equivalent in function to El of Byblos, he was head of the pantheon but detached from everyday worship. The city did, though, have at least one temple dedicated to him. Much more prominent was Astarte (in Semitic inscriptions Ashtart and in the Bible Ashtoret) who had many temples dedicated to her and was the equivalent of Baalat at Byblos. The kings of Sidon were referred to as the priests of Astarte, and she frequently appears in surviving Phoenician inscriptions. In art she is often depicted with a crescent on her head, a reference to her close association with the moon. A third important god at Sidon was Eshmun, who does not appear before the 7th century BCE and was the equivalent of Adonis. Temples were built in his name and he was associated with healing, hence the Greeks identified him as their Asclepius.
wildlife of Libya
Le secret de l'histoire naturelle, France ca. 1480-1485
wildlife of Ethiopia
Le secret de l'histoire naturelle, France ca. 1480-1485
LUNA is the name of the moon, really means 'alone.' The moon was called the ‘Lone One.’ Another common name of the moon was Min [minute] or Mon [money]. Later when the Solar Cult took over persons of this previous cult became rebuked as ‘monsters’ or ‘lunatics.’
Terra incognita or terra ignota (Latin "unknown land"; incognita is stressed on its second syllable in Latin, but with variation in pronunciation in English) is a term used in cartography for regions that have not been mapped or documented. The expression is believed to be first seen in Ptolemy's Geography c. 150. The term was reintroduced in the 15th century from the rediscovery of Ptolemy's work during the Age of Discovery. The equivalent on French maps would be terres inconnues (plural form), and some English maps may show Parts Unknown.
Similarly, uncharted or unknown seas would be labeled mare incognitum, Latin for "unknown sea".
Plain-old iron looks shiny black. The element only takes on a reddish tinge when it has been exposed to oxygen, and enough oxygen at that for it to become iron(III) oxide, an atomic fivesome composed of two iron atoms and three oxygen atoms. So why did so much of the iron on Mars' surface oxidize, or gang up with oxygen?
In fact, the jury's still out on that one. For sure, some sort of weathering gradually rusted the iron on Mars. But did the ancient rainstorms that are thought to have occurred on a young, wet Mars rust the iron by pounding the regolith with oxygen atoms freed from water molecules? Or, did the oxidation happen gradually over billions of years, as sunlight broke down carbon dioxide and other molecules in the atmosphere, producing oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and ozone? Or, as a group of Danish scientists suggested in 2009, have Martian dust storms slowly rusted the iron, by crumbling the quartz crystals that also exist in the regolith and leaving their oxygen-rich surfaces exposed?
Because no one yet knows the right explanation, the color of Mars is, in a sense, still a mystery.Bluish-Black Rock with White 'Crystals' on Mars
NASA’s Curiosity Rover Captures Image Of Strange Rock Formation On Mars. The Team Compared The Rock Circle With Another Formation Which Was Discovered In 2015, Which Looked To Have Similarities To Stonehenge.
In the Islamic sense, the term jinn is used in two different ways:
Belief in jinn is not included among the six articles of Islamic faith, as belief in angels is, however at least some Muslims believe it essential to the Islamic faith. Jinn are mentioned approximately 29 times in the Quran often together with humans, and the 72 surah (chapter) named after them (Al-Jinn). They are also mentioned in collections of Ṣaḥīḥ (authentic) hadith. One hadith divides them into three groups, with one type flying through the air; another that are snakes and dogs; and a third that moves from place to place like human.
In Islamic tradition, Muhammad was sent as a prophet to both human and jinn communities, and that prophets and messengers were sent to both communities. Traditionally Surah 72 is held to tell about the revelation to jinn and several stories mention one of Muhammad's followers accompanied him, witnessing the revelation to the jinn.
Another Islamic prophet, who is related to interactions with jinn, is Solomon. In the Quran, he is said to be a king in ancient Israel and was gifted by God to talk to animals and jinn. God granted him authority over the rebellious jinn or marid, thus Solomon forced them to build the First Temple. Beliefs regarding Solomon and his power over the jinn were later extended in folklore and folktales.
Related to common traditions, the angels were created on Wednesday, the jinn on Thursday and humans on Friday, but not the very next day, rather more than 1000 years later. The community of the jinn race were like those of humans, but then corruption and injustice among them increased and all warnings sent by God were ignored. Consequently, God sent his angels to battle the infidel jinn. Just a few survived, and were ousted to far islands or to the mountains. With the revelation of Islam, the jinn were given a new chance to access salvation. But because of their prior creation, the jinn would attribute themselves to a superiority over humans and envy them for their place and rank on earth.The Ancient Anunnaki are said to have created the human race by genetically modifying early humans in order to use them as a labor force. But before humans were created, the Igigi were used by the ancient Anunnaki as their main labor force.
It is said that the Igigi –they who turn and see—were the Ancient Astronaut Gods of the younger generation, the servants to the mighty Anunnaki who came to Earth to mine gold.
The terminology used to describe the gods is extremely complicated and still needs many studies. Researchers believe the term Igigi is of Semitic origin and indicates the group of gods in the Mesopotamian pantheon. It is still unclear which ancient gods belonged to the Igigi, but many scholars suggest Marduk –the patron god of the city of Babylon—was one of the Igigi.
Mainstream scholars use the term Igigi to reference the mythological Sumerian deities. According to mainstream scholars, the Igigi were the younger servants of the Anunnaki, who initiated a rebellion against their masters and dictatorship of Enlil. Eventually, the Anunnaki replaced the Igigi with humans.
In the myth of Atrahasis –the Babylonian story of the Flood and a precursor to the flood story in the Gilgameš Ep– the Sumerian paradise is described as a garden where lower gods (the Igigi) were put to work digging a watercourse by their masters, the Anunnaki:
Ancient Astronaut hypothesis suggests that the Igigi were similar to the Anunnaki, remaining in constant orbit around our planet. They were basically considered as intermediaries between our planet and Nibiru –home of the Anunnaki.
Many believe that the Igigi remained in constant orbit around our planet in giant platforms which processed ore delivered from Earth. After processing the minerals, the material was transferred to other ships and eventually transported to the home planet of the Anunnaki.
The Igigi were apparently never encountered by mankind. It is said that several texts make reference to them, suggesting the Igigi were “too high up for Mankind,” and consequently “ were not concerned with people.”
After years of tenuous and hard work for the Anunnaki, the Igigi rebelled against their masters. It is said that they ‘set fire to their tools and surrounded Enlil’s great house by night’ forcing the ancient Anunnaki to find another source of labor.
This is why the ancient Anunnaki replaced the Igigi, after genetically engineering ancient humans creating a greater workforce.
Two separate Accounts of the Creation of "man" in Genesis
"The New Revised Standard Version is the version most commonly preferred by biblical scholars. In the United States, 55% of survey respondents who read the Bible reported using the King James Version in 2014, followed by 19% for the New International Version, with other versions used by fewer than 10%."
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+1&version=NRSVGenesis 1 New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
Six Days of Creation and the Sabbath
1 In the beginning when God created[a] the heavens and the earth, 2 the earth was a formless void and darkness covered the face of the deep, while a wind from God[b] swept over the face of the waters. 3 Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light. 4 And God saw that the light was good; and God separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, the first day.
6 And God said, “Let there be a dome in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.” 7 So God made the dome and separated the waters that were under the dome from the waters that were above the dome. And it was so. 8 God called the dome Sky. And there was evening and there was morning, the second day.
9 And God said, “Let the waters under the sky be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear.” And it was so. 10 God called the dry land Earth, and the waters that were gathered together he called Seas. And God saw that it was good. 11 Then God said, “Let the earth put forth vegetation: plants yielding seed, and fruit trees of every kind on earth that bear fruit with the seed in it.” And it was so. 12 The earth brought forth vegetation: plants yielding seed of every kind, and trees of every kind bearing fruit with the seed in it. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, the third day.
14 And God said, “Let there be lights in the dome of the sky to separate the day from the night; and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the dome of the sky to give light upon the earth.” And it was so. 16 God made the two great lights—the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night—and the stars. 17 God set them in the dome of the sky to give light upon the earth, 18 to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening and there was morning, the fourth day.
20 And God said, “Let the waters bring forth swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the dome of the sky.” 21 So God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, of every kind, with which the waters swarm, and every winged bird of every kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.” 23 And there was evening and there was morning, the fifth day.
24 And God said, “Let the earth bring forth living creatures of every kind: cattle and creeping things and wild animals of the earth of every kind.” And it was so. 25 God made the wild animals of the earth of every kind, and the cattle of every kind, and everything that creeps upon the ground of every kind. And God saw that it was good.
26 Then God said, “Let us make humankind[c] in our image, according to our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the wild animals of the earth,[d] and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.”
27 So God created humankind[e] in his image,
in the image of God he created them;[f]
male and female he created them.
28 God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth.” 29 God said, “See, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit; you shall have them for food. 30 And to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the air, and to everything that creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath of life, I have given every green plant for food.” And it was so. 31 God saw everything that he had made, and indeed, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.
Genesis 2 New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
2 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all their multitude. 2 And on the seventh day God finished the work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all the work that he had done. 3 So God blessed the seventh day and hallowed it, because on it God rested from all the work that he had done in creation.
4 These are the generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created.
Another Account of the Creation
In the day that the Lord[a] God made the earth and the heavens, 5 when no plant of the field was yet in the earth and no herb of the field had yet sprung up—for the Lord God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was no one to till the ground; 6 but a stream would rise from the earth, and water the whole face of the ground— 7 then the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground,[b] and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living being. 8 And the Lord God planted a garden in Eden, in the east; and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9 Out of the ground the Lord God made to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food, the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
10 A river flows out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it divides and becomes four branches. 11 The name of the first is Pishon; it is the one that flows around the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; 12 and the gold of that land is good; bdellium and onyx stone are there. 13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it is the one that flows around the whole land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is Tigris, which flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
15 The Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to till it and keep it. 16 And the Lord God commanded the man, “You may freely eat of every tree of the garden; 17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall die.”
18 Then the Lord God said, “It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper as his partner.” 19 So out of the ground the Lord God formed every animal of the field and every bird of the air, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them; and whatever the man called every living creature, that was its name. 20 The man gave names to all cattle, and to the birds of the air, and to every animal of the field; but for the man[c] there was not found a helper as his partner. 21 So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; then he took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. 22 And the rib that the Lord God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man. 23 Then the man said,
“This at last is bone of my bones
and flesh of my flesh;
this one shall be called Woman,[d]
for out of Man[e] this one was taken.”
24 Therefore a man leaves his father and his mother and clings to his wife, and they become one flesh. 25 And the man and his wife were both naked, and were not ashamed.
"10 A river flows out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it divides and becomes four branches. 11 The name of the first is Pishon; it is the one that flows around the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; 12 and the gold of that land is good; bdellium and onyx stone are there. 13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it is the one that flows around the whole land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is Tigris, which flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
15 The Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to till it and keep it. 16 And the Lord God commanded the man, “You may freely eat of every tree of the garden; 17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall die.”"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Patera#/media/File:Eden_Patera_based_on_day_THEMIS.png
Bel (/ˈbeɪl/; from Akkadian bēlu), signifying "lord" or "master", is a title rather than a genuine name, applied to various gods in the Mesopotamian religion of Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia. The feminine form is Belit 'Lady, Mistress'. Bel is represented in Greek as Belos and in Latin as Belus. Linguistically Bel is an East Semitic form cognate with Northwest Semitic Baal with the same meaning.
Early translators of Akkadian believed that the ideogram for the god called in Sumerian Enlil was to be read as Bel in Akkadian. Current scholarship holds this as incorrect, but one finds Bel used in referring to Enlil in older translations and discussions.
Bel became especially used for the Babylonian god Marduk and when found in Assyrian and neo-Babylonian personal names or mentioned in inscriptions in a Mesopotamian context it can usually be taken as referring to Marduk and no other god. Similarly Bêlit without some disambiguation mostly refers to Bel Marduk's spouse Sarpanit. However, Marduk's mother, the Sumerian goddess called Ninhursag, Damkina, Ninmah and other names in Sumerian, was often known as Belit-ili 'Lady of the Gods' in Akkadian.
Other gods called "Lord" could be and sometimes were identified totally or in part with Bel Marduk. The god Malak-bel of Palmyra is an example, though in the later period from which most of our information comes he seems to have become very much a sun god.
Similarly, Zeus Belus mentioned by Sanchuniathon as born to Cronus/El in Peraea is unlikely to be Marduk.
Marduk or Murdoch (Cuneiform: ??? dAMAR.UTU; Sumerian: amar utu.k "calf of the sun; solar calf"; Greek Μαρδοχαῖος,[2] Mardochaios; Hebrew: מְרֹדַךְ, Modern: Mərōdaḵ, Tiberian: Merōḏaḵ) was a late-generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon. When Babylon became the political center of the Euphrates valley in the time of Hammurabi (18th century BC), he slowly started to rise to the position of the head of the Babylonian pantheon, a position he fully acquired by the second half of the second millennium BC. In the city of Babylon, Marduk was worshiped in the temple Esagila. Marduk is associated with the divine weapon Imhullu. "Marduk" is the Babylonian form of his name.[3]
The name Marduk was probably pronounced Marutuk.[4] The etymology of the name Marduk is conjectured as derived from amar-Utu ("immortal son of Utu" or "bull calf of the sun god Utu").[3] The origin of Marduk's name may reflect an earlier genealogy, or have had cultural ties to the ancient city of Sippar (whose god was Utu), dating to the third millennium BC.[5]
By the Hammurabi period, Marduk had become astrologically associated with the planet Jupiter.The word angel arrives in modern English from Old English engel (with a hard g) and the Old French angele. Both of these derive from Late Latin angelus (literally "messenger"), which in turn was borrowed from Late Greek ἄγγελος angelos. Additionally, per Dutch linguist R. S. P. Beekes, ángelos itself may be "an Oriental loan, like ἄγγαρος (ángaros, 'Persian mounted courier')." Perhaps then, the word's earliest form is Mycenaean a-ke-ro, attested in Linear B syllabic script.
Moloch[a] (also Molech, Milcom, or Malcam) is the biblical name of a Canaanite god associated with child sacrifice, through fire or war.
The name Moloch results from a dysphemic vocalisation in the Second Temple period of a theonym based on the root mlk, "king". There are a number of Canaanite gods with names based on this root, which became summarily associated with Moloch, including biblical Malkam (מַלְכָּם) "Great King" (KJV Milcom), which appears to refer to a god of the Ammonites, as well as Tyrian Melqart and others.
Rabbinical tradition depicted Moloch as a bronze statue heated with fire into which the victims were thrown. This has been associated with reports by Greco-Roman authors on the child sacrifices in Carthage to Baal Hammon, especially since archaeological excavations since the 1920s have produced evidence for child sacrifice in Carthage as well as inscriptions including the term MLK, either a theonym or a technical term associated with sacrifice. In interpretatio graeca, the Phoenician god was identified with Cronus, due to the parallel mytheme of Cronus devouring his children.
Otto Eissfeldt in 1935 argued that mlk was not to be taken as a theonym at all but as a term for a type of fire sacrifice, and that *lĕmōlek "as a molk-sacrifice" had been reinterpreted as the name of a Canaanite idol following the Deuteronomic reform under Josiah (r. 640–609 BC). According to Eissfeldt, this 7th-century reform abolished the child sacrifice that had been happening.
Moloch has been used figuratively in English literature from John Milton's Paradise Lost (1667) to Allen Ginsberg's "Howl" (1955), to refer to a person or thing demanding or requiring a very costly sacrifice.